How do synchrotrons work?

A synchrotron is a cyclic particle accelerator that generates an extremely intense beam of light, in frequencies ranging from infra-red to hard X-rays, which enable a range of high-impact research applications with practical outcomes.

A wide array of research is conducted using the synchrotron light, which can be broadly categorised according to six analysis techniques: Crystallography, Diffraction, Imaging, Microscopy, Spectroscopy and Scattering. Each beamline is tailored towards a particular technique with specialised equipment.

The technical details

Synchrotrons work by speeding up a beam of electrons close to the speed of light inside a massive circular vacuum chamber, called a storage ring.

The electrons travel along a path using a series of strong electromagnets. Magnetic fields bend the path, which causes the electrons emit electromagnetic radiation – synchrotron light.

This synchrotron light is emitted in a narrow, forward-directed beam, with an intensity that can reach a million times brighter than the sun. A complex of particle accelerators is needed to generate the electrons required to generate sufficient synchrotron light for experiments.

The light is then channeled into experimental workstations via beamlines, where it interacts with sample materials.

Find out more

This brief video from the University of Saskatchewan describes how synchrotrons work.
This video from the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory provides more detail on the applications of synchrotrons.